Total Chlorine
Why Test Test for total chlorine to determine total chlorine residual levels in produced potable water. Use the total chlorine concentration for calculating the CT credits and optimizing the treatment process. The total chlorine concentration is required by most compliance and regulatory agencies for compliance reporting purposes. Select the DPD Total Chlorine method that adequately covers the expected chlorine concentration and gives the test sensitivity and concentration resolution desired. The method required may change depending upon the test site within the treatment system. The titration methods are easily adapted to meet the test ranges required in a free chlorine treatment process.
Interference free Free Chlorine
Why Test Use the interference-free indophenol free chlorine method to study the disappearance of free chlorine in reaction rate and chloramination process optimization studies without interference from monochloramine.
Method |
Use Model |
Product |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Lab |
DR 5000 & DR 3900 |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Portable |
DR 890 |
Iron
Why Test Residual iron is checked to monitor the effectiveness of the chlorine oxidation processes used to remove iron. Use the FerroVer Iron colorimetric method for routine testing. Use the TPTZ Iron colorimetric method when low-level iron testing is required.
Manganese
Why Test In addition to causing operation and aesthetic problems to customers, manganese causes a false positive value in standard DPD Total Chlorine determinations. The positive interference can not be readily identified in the DPD total chlorine determination. The presence of manganese must be separately analyzed to determine if sample pretreatment is required to compensate for the manganese interference. Test also to check the effectiveness of the manganese removal processes.
Method |
Use Model |
Product |
Colorimetric - PAN |
Lab |
DR 5000 & DR 3900 |
Colorimetric - PAN |
Portable |
DR 890 |
Hypochlorite
Why Test Bulk hypochlorite (bleach) solutions are unstable and the chlorine concentration will decrease during transportation or during storage. Delivered solutions are billed based on the % or g/L chlorine concentration delivered to the facility or end-user. The chlorine concentration is checked upon delivery to insure accurate billing. Storage tanks are periodically checked to maintain optimum chlorine feed pump rates. Test methods designed to measure % or g/L chlorine concentrations directly without dilution should be used.
Aqua Ammonia
Why Test Bulk ammonia (Aqua Ammonia) solutions are unstable and the ammonia concentration may decrease during transportation or during storage. Delivered solutions are billed based on the ammonia concentration delivered to the facility or end-user. The ammonia concentration is checked upon delivery to insure accurate billing. Storage tank concentrations are checked to maintain the optimum ammonia feed pump rates required to maintain the desired chlorine to ammonia ratio when forming chloramines. Test methods designed to measure % or g/L ammonia concentrations directly without dilution should be used.
Monochloramine
Why Test Test for monochloramine to optimize the chloramination process by monitoring the formation of the desired monochloramine species and preventing the formation of the less desirable dichloramine form. Test for monochloramine to study reaction rates and mixing rate efficiencies during the formation of the chloramines. The monochloramine test is used together with a free ammonia determination to reduce raw material costs by preventing the over-feeding of chlorine and ammonia.
Method |
Use Model |
Product |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Lab |
DR 5000 & DR 3900 |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Portable |
DR 890 |
Free Ammonia
Why Test Measure free ammonia (unreacted ammonia) to optimize the formation of chloramines. A level of 0.10 mg/L or less as NH3-N is a desirable target level. Excess free ammonia can lead to nitrification problems in the finished distributed waters. Excess free ammonia can be reacted with free chlorine to increase monochloramine and total chlorine residual levels. The absence of free ammonia may indicate that excess free chlorine has been added and that the chloramination process has progressed past the optimum monochloramine form and the less desirable dichloramines are being formed. The Free Ammonia Indophenol method is designed to measure free ammonia in the presence of monochloramine. Traditional ammonia methods based on phenol or salicylate have a direct interference from monochloramine in chloraminated waters and should not be used.
Method |
Use Model |
Product |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Lab |
DR 5000 & DR 3900 |
Colorimetric - Indophenol |
Portable |
DR 890 |